The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the general name of a group of viruses that cause various diseases.More than 100 types are known.The pathogen is common throughout the world.To avoid infection, it is important to know how human papilloma is transmitted.
What is HPV infection?
HPV infection is a group of viral diseases caused by papillomavirus.At the moment, it is studied and described above 100 types of viruses.Scientists have been studying the morphology of the pathogen for a long time, which made it possible to determine what types of viruses cause pathologies.Separately, a HPV group was assigned with a high risk of Onco.
Due to the fact that the sexual system mainly printed HPV, gynecologists pay considerable attention to the study of the problem.Speaking about what HPV is in gynecology, it is necessary to observe a high risk of developing cervical oncology.Experts found that this virus, more precisely, types 16 and 18 cause the development of the oncological process in the female reproductive system.
HPV - Transmission and infection routes
Papillomavirus is known for its resistance to environmental factors, so it can maintain the activity in the external environment for a long time.This explains the ability of the pathogen to generalize.However, HPV transmission in the air is not transmitted directly.When talking about how the person's person to person is transmitted, doctors indicate the mandatory presence of direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes of the virus bearer.
HPV transmission routes are diverse:
- sexual;
- Contact house;
- vertical.
The most common way of transmitting HPV
After listening to this type of pathogen, patients are often interested in the doctor: if the human papilloma is transmitted sexually.Doctors point out that this method is the most common.According to statistics, about 70% of people who lead an active sex life are carriers of papillomavirus.In this case, the infection can occur repeatedly throughout life.
Most women and men are infected by HPV already several months after the beginning of active sexual activity.It is worth noting that VPV is often attributed to sexually transmitted infections, but infection is possible with sex without penetration.Contact with virus bearer genitals can lead to infection.
Doctors also call the following forms of infection with HPV:
- With a kiss;
- With oral sex.
VPV - Methods of infection in everyday life
Some specialists in infectious diseases distinguish the domestic path of HPV transmission.The percentage of the propagation of the virus in this way is small, but this possibility cannot be completely excluded.The virus can maintain the activity for some time, enter the pool, a bath house, so the infection is possible in the common areas.
Infection in everyday life occurs with kisses, the use of personal hygiene products of the HPV affected.In such cases, it increases the risk of infection:
- weakening of immunity;
- Violation of personal hygiene rules.
The risk of HPV infection
The probability of HPV infection increases sharply with the beginning of sexual activity.This transmission route is considered the main one.At the same time, experts distinguish a series of factors, whose presence increases several times the risk of infection:
- Early beginning of sexual activity;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- negligence of contraceptive means.
Separately, it is necessary to say about the possibility of childhood infection.In most cases, HPV is transmitted to the mother's child during childbirth.When promoted along the delivery channel, an infection of the baby occurs.Children tolerate the easiest infection, practically not manifest it.In addition, thanks to the reception of ready -made antibodies, there is a spontaneous cure along with the mother's milk.
How is HPV infection?
HPV infection occurs with direct contact of mucous membranes, the skin of the genitals.During sexual intercourse, microfiets and damage to mucous membranes are caused, which only increases the risk of HPV infection.At the same time, there are some differences in the mechanisms of virus transmission in women and men.
How is human papilloma transmitted in men?
The probability of HPV infection in men depends directly on the number of permanent sexual partners.Frequent random sexual relations increase the probability of infection several times.At the same time, the man himself in most cases does not suspect the presence of HPV virus in the body.As a result, the virus spreads even more.In 90% of cases of sexual relations, there is an infection of a couple, which used to be absolutely healthy.
How is human papilloma transmitted to women?
HPV infection forms in women do not differ from the characteristics of men.First it is sexual.However, some factors increase the risk of infection in women.
Among these, gynecologists identify:
- Early beginning of sexual activity;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- abortion;
- traumatic birth history;
- gynecological diseases;
- stress;
- Long -term reception of oral contraceptives.
Is human papilloma transmitted to the child?
Knowing HPV's presence in the body, women who plan pregnancy in the near future wonder if the mother's human papilloma is transmitted to the baby.Experts say there is a risk of child infection.However, in children, HPV is rarely observed, infection methods differ from adults.The transmission of infection is more often in the stage of fetal advance along the childbirth channel: the mother's mucous membrane virus passes to the baby.
It is worth noting that the danger of such infection is small.In most cases, the baby's body manages to get rid of HPV during the first 2-3 months of life.This happens thanks to the intake of antibodies against the children's body along with breast milk.The main danger of HPV for babies is to damage the respiratory tract: the appearance of polyps.Such cases are rare and are considered more as exceptions.
VPV - How much does it appear after infection?
Having learned about how human papilloma is transmitted, many patients are interested in the terms of manifestation of the first symptoms.Doctors cannot say unequivocally how fast it manifests after HPV infection.
The following factors are determined:
- patient age;
- the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the body;
- The state of the immune system.
In practice, the terms of the HPV clinical manifestation are different.The appearance of a Condy, changes in affected cells can be observed both after several weeks and after months.In some cases, the first lesions in the skin in groin and the genitals are one year after the papillomavirus enters the body.It is possible to determine the exact time of HPV in the body based on laboratory tests.
Signs of infection with HPV
The symptoms of HPV infection are manifested by the genitals injury.In most cases, the virus leads to characteristic skin lesions.Patients record the appearance of vulgar papillomas and pointed warts.Externally, these results resemble cauliflower, so it is difficult to confuse them with other skin manifestations.
In women, pale pink pink growths are located:
- on small lips;
- in the groin;
- in the clitoris;
- near the outer hole of the urethra;
- On the eve of the vagina.
In some cases, condylomas are formed in the anus if a woman practices anal sex.A strong growth of such formations leads to the appearance of bloody discharge, sensations of pain during sexual intercourse.In men, such formations are located in the pubis area, the perineum, less frequently on the penis surface.
HPV vaccines after infection
Even those who know how human papilloma is transmitted, cannot always avoid infection.After treatment, to eliminate the reinfection of HPV, to prevent relapse development, doctors vaccinate against papillomavirus.Vaccines avoid the development of viral infection for 15 years or more.